许多生物，包括各种种类的蜘蛛和毛毛虫，都会改变其形状以切换步态并适应不同的环境。从可拉伸电路到高度变形的软机器人，最近的技术进步已经开始使变化的机器人成为可能。但是，目前尚不清楚应如何以及何时发生变化以及可以获得哪些功能，从而导致各种未解决的设计和控制问题。为了开始解决这些问题，我们在这里模拟，设计和构建一个软机器人，该机器人利用形状变化来在平坦和倾斜的表面上实现运动。在模拟中对该机器人进行建模，我们在两个环境中探索了它的功能，并证明了特定于环境特定形状和步态的存在，这些形状和步态成功地转移到了物理硬件中。我们发现，改变形状的机器人在模拟和现实中比等效但不正确的机器人更好地遍历这些环境。

The applicability of computational models to the biological world is an active topic of debate. We argue that a useful path forward results from abandoning hard boundaries between categories and adopting an observer-dependent, pragmatic view. Such a view dissolves the contingent dichotomies driven by human cognitive biases (e.g., tendency to oversimplify) and prior technological limitations in favor of a more continuous, gradualist view necessitated by the study of evolution, developmental biology, and intelligent machines. Efforts to re-shape living systems for biomedical or bioengineering purposes require prediction and control of their function at multiple scales. This is challenging for many reasons, one of which is that living systems perform multiple functions in the same place at the same time. We refer to this as "polycomputing" - the ability of the same substrate to simultaneously compute different things. This ability is an important way in which living things are a kind of computer, but not the familiar, linear, deterministic kind; rather, living things are computers in the broad sense of computational materials as reported in the rapidly-growing physical computing literature. We argue that an observer-centered framework for the computations performed by evolved and designed systems will improve the understanding of meso-scale events, as it has already done at quantum and relativistic scales. Here, we review examples of biological and technological polycomputing, and develop the idea that overloading of different functions on the same hardware is an important design principle that helps understand and build both evolved and designed systems. Learning to hack existing polycomputing substrates, as well as evolve and design new ones, will have massive impacts on regenerative medicine, robotics, and computer engineering.

Machine learning has emerged recently as a powerful tool for predicting properties of quantum many-body systems. For many ground states of gapped Hamiltonians, generative models can learn from measurements of a single quantum state to reconstruct the state accurately enough to predict local observables. Alternatively, kernel methods can predict local observables by learning from measurements on different but related states. In this work, we combine the benefits of both approaches and propose the use of conditional generative models to simultaneously represent a family of states, by learning shared structures of different quantum states from measurements. The trained model allows us to predict arbitrary local properties of ground states, even for states not present in the training data, and without necessitating further training for new observables. We numerically validate our approach (with simulations of up to 45 qubits) for two quantum many-body problems, 2D random Heisenberg models and Rydberg atom systems.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

We present a new NLP task and dataset from the domain of the U.S. civil procedure. Each instance of the dataset consists of a general introduction to the case, a particular question, and a possible solution argument, accompanied by a detailed analysis of why the argument applies in that case. Since the dataset is based on a book aimed at law students, we believe that it represents a truly complex task for benchmarking modern legal language models. Our baseline evaluation shows that fine-tuning a legal transformer provides some advantage over random baseline models, but our analysis reveals that the actual ability to infer legal arguments remains a challenging open research question.

数据是现代机器学习系统的命脉，包括音乐信息检索中的命脉（MIR）。但是，MIR长期以来一直被小型数据集和不可靠的标签所困扰。在这项工作中，我们建议使用生成建模打破这种瓶颈。通过使用室内合奏的结构化合成模型（在URMP上训练的MIDI-DDSP）的结构化合成模型，通过管道说明（在巴赫合唱上训练的椰子）模型，我们演示了一个能够生成无限量的逼真的合唱音乐的系统，其中包括丰富的结合音乐，包括混合，包括混合，，，包括混合，茎，MIDI，笔记级性能属性（Staccato，Vibrato等），甚至是细粒的合成参数（音高，振幅等）。我们称此系统为室内集合发生器（CEG），并使用它来生成来自四个不同腔室合奏（cocochorales）的大型合唱数据集。我们证明，使用我们的方法生成的数据改善了音乐转录和源分离的最新模型，并且我们均发布了系统和数据集作为MIR社区未来工作的开源基础。

机器学习潜力是分子模拟的重要工具，但是由于缺乏高质量数据集来训练它们的发展，它们的开发阻碍了它们。我们描述了Spice数据集，这是一种新的量子化学数据集，用于训练与模拟与蛋白质相互作用的药物样的小分子相关的潜在。它包含超过110万个小分子，二聚体，二肽和溶剂化氨基酸的构象。它包括15个元素，带电和未充电的分子以及广泛的共价和非共价相互作用。它提供了在{\ omega} b97m-d3（bj）/def2-tzVPPD理论水平以及其他有用的数量（例如多极矩和键阶）上计算出的力和能量。我们在其上训练一组机器学习潜力，并证明它们可以在化学空间的广泛区域中实现化学精度。它可以作为创建可转移的，准备使用潜在功能用于分子模拟的宝贵资源。

研究过程自动化 - 对科学仪器，计算机，数据存储和其他资源的可靠，高效和可重复执行的可靠，高效和可重复执行，这是现代科学的基本要素。我们在此处报告Globus研究数据管理平台内的新服务，该服务可以将各种研究过程的规范作为可重复使用的动作集，流量以及在异质研究环境中执行此类流动的集合。为了以广泛的空间范围（例如，从科学仪器到远程数据中心）和时间范围（从几秒钟到几周），这些Globus自动化服务功能：1）云托管以可靠地执行长期持久的流量，尽管零星的失败，但这些Globus自动化服务功能：1） ; 2）声明性符号和可扩展的异步行动提供商API，用于定义和执行涉及任意资源的各种行动和流动规范； 3）授权授权机制，用于安全调用动作。这些服务允许研究人员将广泛的研究任务的管理外包和自动化为可靠，可扩展和安全的云平台。我们向Globus自动化服务提供用例

我们介绍了Gaudi，Gaudi是一种生成模型，能够捕获可以从移动的相机中沉浸式的复杂和现实3D场景的分布。我们通过一种可扩展而强大的方法解决了这个具有挑战性的问题，我们首先优化了散布辐射场和相机姿势的潜在表示。然后，该潜在表示将学习一个生成模型，该模型可以使3D场景的无条件生成和条件生成。我们的模型概括了以前的作品，该作品通过删除可以在样本中共享相机姿势分布的假设来关注单个对象。我们表明，高迪（Gaudi）在多个数据集的无条件生成设置中获得了最先进的性能，并允许有条件地生成3D场景给定的调理变量，例如稀疏图像观测值或描述场景的文本。

我们从一组稀疏的光谱时间序列中构建了一个物理参数化的概率自动编码器（PAE），以学习IA型超新星（SNE IA）的内在多样性。 PAE是一个两阶段的生成模型，由自动编码器（AE）组成，该模型在使用归一化流（NF）训练后概率地解释。我们证明，PAE学习了一个低维的潜在空间，该空间可捕获人口内存在的非线性特征范围，并且可以直接从数据直接从数据中准确地对整个波长和观察时间进行精确模拟SNE IA的光谱演化。通过引入相关性惩罚项和多阶段训练设置以及我们的物理参数化网络，我们表明可以在训练期间分离内在和外在的可变性模式，从而消除了需要进行额外标准化的其他模型。然后，我们在SNE IA的许多下游任务中使用PAE进行越来越精确的宇宙学分析，包括自动检测SN Outliers，与数据分布一致的样本的产生以及在存在噪音和不完整数据的情况下解决逆问题限制宇宙距离测量。我们发现，与以前的研究相一致的最佳固有模型参数数量似乎是三个，并表明我们可以用$ 0.091 \ pm 0.010 $ mag标准化SNE IA的测试样本，该样本对应于$ 0.074 \ pm。 0.010 $ mag如果删除了特殊的速度贡献。训练有素的模型和代码在\ href {https://github.com/georgestein/supaernova} {github.com/georgestein/supaernova}上发布